Symptoms of Panic Disorder In addition to panic attacks, people with panic disorder often experience: Ongoing concern about future attacks Avoidance of places or situations associated with attacks Significant distress or impairment in daily life Causes and Risk Factors The exact cause is not fully understood, but contributing factors may include: Family history of anxiety disorders Major life stress or trauma Changes in brain function related to fear and stress responses Certain medical conditions or substance use Treatment Panic disorder is treatable. Common treatments include: Psychotherapy Especially Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which helps identify and change thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to panic. Medications Antidepressants such as SSRIs or SNRIs In some cases, short-term use of anti-anxiety medications Lifestyle Strategies Regular exercise Adequate sleep Limiting caffeine and other stimulants Stress-management techniques When to Seek Help If panic attacks are frequent, causing significant distress, or interfering with daily activities, it's important to consult a healthcare professional. Panic symptoms can sometimes resemble medical emergencies (such as heart problems), so new or severe symptoms should be medically evaluated. If you'd like, I can also explain: the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for panic disorder, the difference between panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, or how panic disorder is diagnosed and treated in clinical practice.